学习WPF和MVVM一段时间的总结

WPF的MVVM设计模式

winform转变到WPF的过程,难点主要还是在MVVM的设计模式。当然,如果依然采用winform的涉及方式,在每个控件背后绑定事件的方式运用在wpf中,依然可行,但是假如GUI改版,其背后绑定的特别为此界面设计的事件不得不多数弃用。而MVVM最大的好处是将一切业务逻辑放在ViewModel中 ,将GUI的操作放在view中,将数据结构放在Model中,如图摘自MSDN
MVVM1

实际使用

使用了Prism框架,省去了去构造实现INotifyPropertyChanged的基类,直接继承BindableBase

namespace Prism.Mvvm
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Implementation of System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged to simplify models.
    public abstract class BindableBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        protected BindableBase();

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Occurs when a property value changes.
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Notifies listeners that a property value has changed.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   propertyName:
        //     Name of the property used to notify listeners. This value is optional and can
        //     be provided automatically when invoked from compilers that support System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberNameAttribute.
        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Raises this object's PropertyChanged event.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   propertyExpression:
        //     A Lambda expression representing the property that has a new value.
        //
        // 类型参数:
        //   T:
        //     The type of the property that has a new value
        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged<T>(Expression<Func<T>> propertyExpression);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Checks if a property already matches a desired value. Sets the property and notifies
        //     listeners only when necessary.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   storage:
        //     Reference to a property with both getter and setter.
        //
        //   value:
        //     Desired value for the property.
        //
        //   propertyName:
        //     Name of the property used to notify listeners. This value is optional and can
        //     be provided automatically when invoked from compilers that support CallerMemberName.
        //
        // 类型参数:
        //   T:
        //     Type of the property.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     True if the value was changed, false if the existing value matched the desired
        //     value.
        protected virtual bool SetProperty<T>(ref T storage, T value, [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null);
    }

以及用来构造Command的基类DelegateCommand

namespace Prism.Commands
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     An System.Windows.Input.ICommand whose delegates do not take any parameters for
    //     Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand.Execute and Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand.CanExecute.
    public class DelegateCommand : DelegateCommandBase
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Creates a new instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand with the System.Action
        //     to invoke on execution.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   executeMethod:
        //     The System.Action to invoke when System.Windows.Input.ICommand.Execute(System.Object)
        //     is called.
        public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Creates a new instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand with the System.Action
        //     to invoke on execution and a Func to query for determining if the command can
        //     execute.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   executeMethod:
        //     The System.Action to invoke when System.Windows.Input.ICommand.Execute(System.Object)
        //     is called.
        //
        //   canExecuteMethod:
        //     The System.Func`1 to invoke when System.Windows.Input.ICommand.CanExecute(System.Object)
        //     is called
        public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod);
        protected DelegateCommand(Func<Task> executeMethod);
        protected DelegateCommand(Func<Task> executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod);

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Factory method to create a new instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand from
        //     an awaitable handler method.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   executeMethod:
        //     Delegate to execute when Execute is called on the command.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     Constructed instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand
        public static DelegateCommand FromAsyncHandler(Func<Task> executeMethod);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Factory method to create a new instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand from
        //     an awaitable handler method.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   executeMethod:
        //     Delegate to execute when Execute is called on the command. This can be null to
        //     just hook up a CanExecute delegate.
        //
        //   canExecuteMethod:
        //     Delegate to execute when CanExecute is called on the command. This can be null.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     Constructed instance of Prism.Commands.DelegateCommand
        public static DelegateCommand FromAsyncHandler(Func<Task> executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Determines if the command can be executed.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     Returns true if the command can execute, otherwise returns false.
        public virtual bool CanExecute();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Executes the command.
        public virtual Task Execute();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Observes a property that is used to determine if this command can execute, and
        //     if it implements INotifyPropertyChanged it will automatically call DelegateCommandBase.RaiseCanExecuteChanged
        //     on property changed notifications.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   canExecuteExpression:
        //     The property expression. Example: ObservesCanExecute((o) => PropertyName).
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     The current instance of DelegateCommand
        public DelegateCommand ObservesCanExecute(Expression<Func<object, bool>> canExecuteExpression);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Observes a property that implements INotifyPropertyChanged, and automatically
        //     calls DelegateCommandBase.RaiseCanExecuteChanged on property changed notifications.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   propertyExpression:
        //     The property expression. Example: ObservesProperty(() => PropertyName).
        //
        // 类型参数:
        //   T:
        //     The object type containing the property specified in the expression.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     The current instance of DelegateCommand
        public DelegateCommand ObservesProperty<T>(Expression<Func<T>> propertyExpression);
    }
}

第一次使用MVVM设计模式,没有理解在多个ViewModel之间通信,所以不得不采用单一ViewModel和多个view,这样导致了一个ViewModel的臃肿和复杂,看似结构简单,但是实际的逻辑越来越混乱。在没有理解Event Aggregator如何使用的情况下,这是可行方案。

MVVM使用感受

最主要的感受是MVVM将UI和业务逻辑分离,UI就只写UI,不用像WinForm一样在每个事件背后,如果要获得UI某个TextBox的数据,得通过如下获取

public void SomeButton_Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	string text = textBox1.Text;
	DoSomeThings(text);
	...
}

同样,后台事件要更新前台UI数据时

pubic void SomeButton_Clicked(object sender, EvnetArgs e)
{
	DoOtherThings();
	textBox1.Text = "Some Text";
}

这种硬编码的形式,遇到UI的重大变化,必须就将背后事件对应UI的控件名称全部更改才能继续运行。当软件达到一定复杂度,这样做就是灾难性的。

MVVM,使用了数据绑定,虽然增加了一点代码,但是带来的好处巨大。在ViewModel中先定义要绑定的数据

private string name;
public string Name{
	get{return name;}
	set{
		if (name != value)
		{
			name = value;
			OnPropertyChanged("Name"); // 实现INotifyPropertyChanged接口
	}
}
}

然后在view中将其和TextBox数据绑定

<TextBox Text="{Binding Name, Mode=TwoWay}">

这里的数据绑定方式是双向绑定,后台数据变化会自动通知前台UI线程更新数据,相反,前台UI线程更改了数据,后台的数据也会相应变化。这样,在实际数据更新时,不用去查看绑定的UI控件名称,也不用担心在其他线程更新控件数据时要用oneControl.Invoke(Action action)

总结

第一次使用MVVM感受到的优点:

但同样带来了缺点: